Rodent Immuno-Safety Models

Currently Available HuGEMM Models for Safety and Toxicity Evaluation

HuGEMM models are immunocompetent chimeric mouse models, engineered to express humanized drug targets (instead of their murine counterparts) such as genes encoding for immune checkpoint proteins.

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Safety and Toxicity Readouts Available

• Cytokine analysis
• Liver function tests (ALT, AST)
• Histopathological evaluation of organ toxicity
• Immune cell infiltration in target organs by IHC, Flow cytometry
• Complete blood count (CBC)
• Clinical observations to identify potential adverse effects related to cytokine storm/CRS

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Fig 1. The tumor growth inhibition of urelumab and chimeric urelumab on murine colon tumor CT26.WT in CD137 HuGEMM model. Tumor growth inhibition (TGI) was calculated as: TGI% = (1-Ti/Vi)*100; Ti as the mean tumor volume of the treatment group on the measurement day; Vi as the mean tumor volume of control group at the measurement day.

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Fig 2. Measurement of liver toxicity based on ALT (alanine aminotransferase) and AST (aspartate aminotransferase) levels in CD137 HuGEMM animals. Fasting serum level of ALT (alanine aminotransferase) and AST (aspartate aminotransferase) were measured 2 and 7 days after final dose. One way ANOVA *, **, and *** refer to p<0.05, p<0.01, and p<0.001, respectively.

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Fig 3. Histological assessment of liver inflammation following urelumab and chimeric urelumab treatment in CD137 HuGEMM in vivo model. H&E staining of liver tissue. Liver inflammation was evaluated on a scale of 0-3: 0 = none; 1 = mild; 2 = moderate; 3 = severe.

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Fig 4. Infiltration of CD45+ immune cells in the liver following urelumab and chimeric urelumab treatment in CD137 HuGEMM in vivo model, as indicated by IHC staining - CD45+ cell density were measured by HALO v3.0.311.363.